Regular health screenings save lives. In Ghana, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like hypertension, diabetes, and cervical cancer are on the rise, causing 45% of deaths. Early detection through screenings can prevent severe complications and improve quality of life. Here are 7 critical health checks every adult in Ghana should prioritize:
- Blood Pressure Check: 27.3% of adults live with hypertension, yet only 4.1% manage it effectively. Regular checks reduce stroke and heart attack risks.
- Blood Sugar Test: With 6% of adults affected by diabetes, early testing helps prevent complications like kidney disease and blindness.
- Cervical Cancer Screening: Ghana sees 2,800 cervical cancer cases annually. Pap smears and HPV tests reduce mortality by up to 74%.
- HIV Screening: Over 350,000 people live with HIV in Ghana. Early testing ensures timely treatment and prevents transmission.
- Hepatitis B Test: With a 12.3% prevalence rate, regular testing can prevent liver damage and cancer.
- Cholesterol Test: High cholesterol is a silent risk for heart disease. Regular monitoring is key.
- TB Screening: With an incidence rate of 226 per 100,000, early TB detection is critical, especially for high-risk groups.
Why It Matters
Access to screenings is improving through initiatives like the NHIS and CHPS, but rural areas still face challenges. Taking advantage of available services can significantly reduce health risks.
Make your health a priority – schedule these screenings today.
1. Blood Pressure Check
Health Risk Addressed by the Screening
In Ghana, hypertension was responsible for 15.3% of deaths in 2017, highlighting the importance of regular blood pressure checks. Often called the "silent killer", high blood pressure typically goes unnoticed until it leads to serious health issues. It also accounts for 91% of stroke risks in the country.
Recommended Frequency of the Test
Regular monitoring is key to catching problems early. A 2018 study in the Ashanti region revealed that 20.1% of residents had never had their blood pressure checked. Adults, particularly those over 40 or with risk factors, should adhere to local healthcare recommendations for screenings.
Accessibility of Testing Services in Ghana
Programs like Healthy Heart Africa (HHA) have improved access to blood pressure screenings. Since July 2019, HHA has screened over 817,000 people in 35 facilities across the Ashanti region. More than 165,000 individuals with elevated readings have been referred for treatment.
The Community-based Hypertension Improvement Project (ComHIP) in the Lower Manya Krobo District has also made a difference. It increased hypertension control rates from 36% to 72%, with average blood pressure reductions of 12 mmHg systolic and 7 mmHg diastolic.
Relevance to the Local Population
About 27.3% of Ghanaian adults live with hypertension, yet only 4.1% of these individuals manage their condition effectively. Regular screenings can significantly reduce risks – cutting the likelihood of stroke by 35–40% and heart attack or heart failure by 20–25%.
Blood pressure checks are widely available at local health centers, CHPS compounds, and through community health initiatives. Many facilities include these tests in routine check-ups under the National Health Insurance Scheme. Next, we’ll dive into how monitoring blood sugar levels can help protect your health further.
2. Blood Sugar Testing
Health Risks Addressed by the Screening
Type 2 diabetes impacts around 6% of Ghanaian adults, with related conditions like hypertension (63%), microalbuminuria (43%), and complications (20%) also being common. In the Cape Coast Metropolis, 14.2% of residents are prediabetic, while 3.84% have diabetes. Women are more affected by prediabetes (15.33%) compared to men (12.62%). Just like blood pressure monitoring, early blood sugar testing plays a key role in preventing serious complications.
Recommended Frequency of the Test
For adults without risk factors, blood sugar testing should start at age 35 and be done every three years. However, those who are overweight, have a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or higher, or have a family history of diabetes should begin testing earlier and do so more frequently. These recommendations highlight the need for accessible testing options throughout Ghana.
Accessibility of Testing Services in Ghana
In the Bono Region, only 49% of 137 healthcare facilities offer glucose testing. On average, patients travel 7.4 km (4.6 miles) over 94 minutes to access these services. In the remote Banda district, the journey extends to 13.3 km (8.3 miles) and takes about 146 minutes.
Relevance to the Local Population
Non-communicable diseases are a growing concern in Ghana, making early diabetes detection essential. Community nurses in rural areas are using glucometers and mobile phones to screen residents proactively. A pilot program found 2% of participants had diabetes, while 19.8% were prediabetic. Programs like Ghana’s Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) are working to reduce distance-related barriers to care, though financial challenges remain. Early detection is especially important, as nearly all urban patients diagnosed with diabetes are already on medication.
Learn more about local screening efforts in our CHPS program article.
3. Cervical Cancer Test
Health Risks Addressed by the Screening
Cervical cancer is the most common cancer affecting women in Ghana. Each year, about 2,800 women are diagnosed, and 1,700 lose their lives to the disease. By 2025, these numbers are expected to rise to over 5,000 cases and 3,300 deaths annually. Human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly types 16 and 18, is linked to 50.5% of these cases. Regular Pap smear tests have proven effective, reducing annual cervical cancer mortality by about 2% and cutting overall deaths by 74%.
Recommended Frequency of the Test
Women in Ghana are encouraged to follow these screening guidelines:
- Ages 25–49: Every 3 years
- Ages 50–64: Every 5 years
Accessibility of Testing Services in Ghana
Currently, fewer than 3% of eligible women in Ghana undergo cervical cancer screening. To address this gap, several organizations offer affordable testing options:
| Service Provider | Services Offered | Cost |
|---|---|---|
| CCPTC | VIA screening | $2.50 |
| CCPTC | HPV DNA testing | $19.00 |
| Marie Stopes Ghana | Comprehensive screening services | Contact for pricing |
The Cervical Cancer Prevention and Training Centre (CCPTC) has made significant progress by training 271 health workers across 184 institutions in 119 districts within Ghana’s 16 regions. For screening services, Marie Stopes Ghana can be contacted via their toll-free number (0800 20 85 85) or WhatsApp (0244208585).
Relevance to the Local Population
Efforts to combat cervical cancer in Ghana are gaining traction. In September 2021, mPharma launched the 10,000 Women Initiative, which aims to provide free HPV DNA testing to 6,000 women nationwide. The CCPTC also organizes community outreach programs, offering free screenings to women who cannot afford the standard fees. Studies show that regular screening can lower the risk of advanced cervical cancer by an average of 90% for women aged 35–64.
Next, we take a look at another critical screening: HIV Screening.
4. HIV Screening
Health Risks Addressed by the Screening
HIV continues to pose a serious health challenge in Ghana, with 354,927 individuals living with the virus and 16,574 new cases reported in 2022. Women are disproportionately affected, making up 66% of Ghana’s HIV-positive population. Without early detection, HIV can progress to AIDS, severely weakening the immune system and leaving individuals vulnerable to life-threatening infections.
Recommended Frequency of Testing
How often someone should get tested depends on their risk level. For instance, pregnant women are tested during their first prenatal visit, while individuals at higher risk are advised to test more frequently.
Accessibility of Testing Services in Ghana
Government facilities and some private clinics in Ghana offer free HIV testing. Efforts to make testing more accessible include self-testing kits, pre-exposure prophylaxis, and mobile testing units for rural areas. However, testing rates remain low – only 13% of women and 6% of men in Ghana reported getting tested in the past year. You can find more information about free testing locations in our Health Facilities Directory.
Relevance to the Local Population
HIV has a significant impact on young women in Ghana. Research shows that only 31.4% of young women have ever been tested for HIV, even though they represent a large share of new infections. Regional disparities add to the concern. For example, in the Wa Municipality, HIV prevalence among pregnant women rose from 3.2% in 2006 to 5.8% in 2007. On a positive note, enhanced service delivery at the Kpone Polyclinic increased the rate of linkage to antiretroviral therapy from 85% to 99%.
Looking ahead, integrating Hepatitis B testing into HIV care could offer a more comprehensive approach to managing these health challenges.
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5. Hepatitis B Test
Health Risks Addressed by the Screening
Hepatitis B is a major health concern in Ghana, with a national prevalence rate of 12.3%. Early detection, much like blood pressure or blood sugar testing, can help prevent severe complications. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can lead to serious liver issues, with 10–33% of infected individuals developing chronic hepatitis, and 20–50% of those cases progressing to liver cirrhosis. In West Africa, HBV is linked to 55–70% of hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer) cases. Alarmingly, while liver cancer often appears around age 60 in Western Europe, the average onset age in Africa is just 33 years.
Recommended Frequency of Testing
Testing frequency depends on individual risk factors. Those at higher risk should consider more frequent testing, including:
- Individuals with multiple sexual partners
- People living with someone who has HBV
- Those with elevated liver enzyme levels
- Individuals born in regions with high HBV prevalence (≥8%)
Healthcare providers can help determine the best testing schedule based on personal risk and exposure history.
Accessibility of Testing Services in Ghana
Ghana has made progress in prevention through its infant vaccination program, achieving an impressive 99% coverage. However, testing access for adults remains limited. The National Viral Hepatitis Control Programme (NVHCP) is actively working to expand testing and treatment options nationwide. These efforts aim to increase awareness and encourage community-based interventions.
"The hepatitis C treatment project is the first person-centred intervention by the government that responds directly to the needs of people affected by hepatitis. We are exploring partnerships to support delivery so that eliminating hepatitis in Ghana can be put on sound footing."
- Dr Atsu Seake-Kwawu, Programme Manager of the NVHCP
Relevance to the Local Population
In 2019, over 3,500 deaths in Ghana were attributed to viral hepatitis, with roughly half of liver cancer deaths linked to HBV. Given the high prevalence of the disease, regular testing is essential for protecting public health. A study among Ghanaian university students revealed that only 38.2% had been vaccinated against HBV. Proactive testing is a critical part of Ghana’s strategy to improve health outcomes.
"As WHO, we are excited that the fight against viral hepatitis is fast gaining momentum in Ghana. Alongside efforts to make treatment available across the country, we continue to support Ghana to do more on viral hepatitis prevention and risk reduction."
- Professor Francis Kasolo, WHO Representative to Ghana
These insights highlight the importance of regular HBV testing as a cornerstone of health improvement efforts in Ghana.
6. Cholesterol Testing
Health Risks Addressed by the Screening
High cholesterol is a silent threat. It doesn’t show symptoms but can lead to serious problems. Excess cholesterol builds up in your arteries, forming plaques (atherosclerosis) that restrict blood flow. This increases the risk of heart attacks and strokes.
Recommended Frequency of Testing
How often you should get your cholesterol checked depends on your age, gender, and risk factors. Here’s a quick guide:
| Gender | Age Range | Testing Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| Male | 20–44 years | Every 5 years |
| Male | 45–65 years | Every 1–2 years |
| Male | 65+ years | Annually |
| Female | 20–54 years | Every 5 years |
| Female | 55–65 years | Every 1–2 years |
| Female | 65+ years | Annually |
If you have conditions like heart disease, diabetes, or a family history of high cholesterol, you’ll likely need testing more often. These intervals matter, especially since access to testing differs across Ghana.
Accessibility of Testing Services in Ghana
In Ghana, access to cholesterol testing varies widely. As of 2024, Diamed Diagnostical Centre offers full lipid profile tests in cities like Accra, Tamale, Kumasi, and Takoradi. Yet, only about half of district hospitals have the ability to perform these tests, highlighting the need for better diagnostic services in the country.
Relevance to the Local Population
Cholesterol testing is especially critical for people in Ghana’s urban areas. Studies show that urban residents tend to have higher total and LDL cholesterol levels compared to those in rural areas. Urban lifestyles often include risk factors like obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, making regular screening essential to catch and prevent cardiovascular issues early.
Next, we’ll dive into TB Screening, a key part of ensuring both cardiovascular and respiratory health.
Graphic Clinic Health Screening Exercise
7. TB Screening
After HIV screening, addressing TB is just as important, especially in areas where both diseases are prevalent. TB remains a major public health challenge in Ghana due to how easily it spreads and the severe health complications it can cause. With an incidence rate of 226 per 100,000 people, TB spreads quickly in Ghana, leading to serious respiratory conditions.
Why TB Screening Matters
TB screening plays a key role in identifying and controlling this infectious disease. Ghana’s high HIV/TB burden makes early detection essential to prevent its spread and reduce complications in affected communities.
How Often Should You Get Tested?
The frequency of TB screening depends on your risk factors. Here’s a breakdown:
| Risk Category | Screening Frequency | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| General Population | As advised by your healthcare provider | Based on symptom assessment |
| HIV-positive Individuals | At every healthcare visit; annual X-ray during viral load testing | |
| Mining Workers | Semi-annually or annually | Workplace screening programs |
| Healthcare Workers | Annually | Part of occupational health checks |
| Prison Inmates | At entry, annually, and before release | Mandatory screenings |
Where to Get Tested in Ghana
TB screening services are available at several facilities, with costs as follows:
-
Akai House Clinic (Accra)
- Adults (11 years and older): $105
- Children (under 11 years): $52
-
UN-IOM Migration Health Assessment Centre (Accra & Kumasi)
- Adults (11 years and older): $85
- Children (under 11 years): $50
These accessible services ensure more people can benefit from early detection and treatment.
Why This Matters for Ghanaians
TB screening is especially important in Ghana due to the high prevalence of the disease. In 2020, the national prevalence for bacteriologically confirmed cases was 356 per 100,000 people. The situation is even more alarming in artisanal mining communities, where rates reach 910 per 100,000 people screened.
"Screening can benefit the entire community by reducing the prevalence of TB and averting future disease." – World Health Organization
Additionally, 5.3% of TB cases in mining areas show resistance to rifampicin, underscoring the urgent need for routine testing in high-risk groups. By prioritizing TB screening, Ghana can take meaningful steps toward controlling this disease.
Next Steps
It’s time to take charge of your health by scheduling the recommended screenings mentioned earlier. Here’s how you can get started.
Through Ghana Health Service
The Ghana Health Service (GHS) provides screening services at its regional, district, and sub-district health facilities. Reach out to your nearest GHS facility to book appointments for services like blood pressure checks, blood sugar tests, BMI assessments, and basic health counseling.
In July 2024, the National Health Insurance Authority (NHIA) introduced a free annual health check-up program. Dr. Dacosta Aboagye, CEO of the NHIA, shared:
"Let me say the NHIA and partners are delighted to introduce this programme at this time, which embodies our commitment to promoting preventive healthcare and ensuring access to essential health services for all."
To access these free services, simply present your Ghana card at participating locations.
Digital Healthcare Access
Prefer online options? The platform DrDoGood offers both virtual and in-person consultations. Here’s a snapshot of available providers:
| Healthcare Provider | Specialty | Consultation Fee |
|---|---|---|
| Deborah | General Practice | ₵45 |
| Bismark | Primary Care | ₵75 |
| Amanda | Family Medicine | ₵200 |
| Clarice | Nutritional Counseling | ₵100 |
The DrDoGood app also helps you manage your health with features like digital health records, medication reminders, prescription ordering, and family profiles. Whether you choose in-person or digital services, you have options that fit your needs.
Preparing for Your Screenings
To make the process smooth, follow these steps:
-
Gather Necessary Documents
Bring your valid Ghana card, previous medical records, and a list of current medications. -
Select a Provider
Decide between visiting a GHS facility or booking through the DrDoGood platform. -
Plan Financially
Check your NHIA coverage, confirm consultation fees for private services, and budget for any additional tests.
Non-communicable diseases make up 74% of all health-related deaths worldwide. Regular screenings are a key step in staying ahead of potential health issues – don’t wait to get started.
